The history of diamond mining in Canada is relatively recent compared to other parts of the world, but it has grown rapidly to become a significant industry. Here’s an overview:
Early Exploration and Discoveries (1960s – 1980s)
- 1960s – 1970s: The search for diamonds in Canada began in earnest in the 1960s. However, it wasn’t until the late 1970s and early 1980s that geologists and prospectors began to seriously consider the possibility of finding diamonds in the country. At this time, geologists started exploring the Canadian Shield, which shares geological characteristics with diamond-rich regions in other parts of the world, like Siberia.
- 1981: Charles Fipke, a Canadian geologist, began exploring the Northwest Territories. Fipke and his partner, Stewart Blusson, focused on finding kimberlite, the type of rock that often contains diamonds. Their research was critical in identifying diamond-bearing areas in Canada.
The Ekati Diamond Mine (1990s)
- 1991: The first significant discovery of diamonds in Canada occurred in 1991 when Fipke and Blusson found diamond-bearing kimberlite pipes in the Lac de Gras region of the Northwest Territories. This discovery was groundbreaking, as it led to the establishment of the first diamond mine in Canada.
- 1998: The Ekati Diamond Mine, located in the Northwest Territories, became Canada’s first operational diamond mine in October 1998. It was a joint venture between BHP Billiton, Fipke, Blusson, and other stakeholders. Ekati quickly became one of the most productive diamond mines in the world, producing high-quality diamonds and setting the stage for further exploration in Canada.
Expansion and New Mines (2000s – Present)
- Diavik Diamond Mine: Following the success of Ekati, the Diavik Diamond Mine was developed nearby and began production in 2003. It is operated by Rio Tinto and Dominion Diamond Corporation. Diavik quickly became known for its high-grade diamonds and remains one of Canada’s largest diamond producers.
- Snap Lake Mine: De Beers, one of the world’s largest diamond companies, opened the Snap Lake Mine in the Northwest Territories in 2008. However, the mine faced challenges due to its remote location and water management issues, leading to its closure in 2015.
- Victor Mine: Located in Ontario, the Victor Mine was another De Beers operation that began production in 2008. It was the first diamond mine in Ontario and produced high-quality diamonds until its closure in 2019.
- Gahcho Kué Mine: Opened in 2016, Gahcho Kué is one of the newest diamond mines in Canada. It is a joint venture between De Beers and Mountain Province Diamonds. Located in the Northwest Territories, it has quickly become one of the country’s most important diamond producers.
Economic and Environmental Impact
- The diamond mining industry in Canada has had a significant economic impact, particularly in the Northwest Territories and northern regions. It has provided jobs, infrastructure development, and contributed to local economies.
- Environmental concerns have also been a focus, as diamond mining in Canada takes place in ecologically sensitive areas. Efforts have been made to minimise the environmental footprint, including land restoration and water management.
Current Status
- As of the early 2020s, Canada remains one of the top diamond-producing countries in the world. The industry is focused on sustainable practices, community engagement, and continuing exploration to find new diamond deposits.
In summary, Canada’s diamond mining industry has grown from a speculative endeavor in the late 20th century into a major global player, known for its high-quality diamonds and commitment to sustainability.
